LINUX COMMANDS

ps [options]

Report on active processes. ps has three types of options. GNU long options start with two hyphens, which are required. BSD
options may be grouped and do not start with a hyphen, while Unix98 options may be grouped and require an initial hyphen. The
meaning of the short options can vary depending on whether or not there is a hyphen. In options, list arguments should either be
comma-separated or space-separated and placed inside double quotes. In comparing the amount of output produced, note that e
prints more than a and l prints more than f for each entry.

Linux Commad Options:
nums, p nums, -p nums, --pid=nums
Include only specified processes, which are given in a spacedelimited list.
-nums, -s nums, --sid=nums
Include only specified session IDs, which are given in a spacedelimited list.
[-]a
As a, list all processes on a terminal. As -a, list all processes except session leaders and processes not associated with a terminal.
[-]c
As -c, show different scheduler information with -l. As c, show the true command name.
-C cmds
Select by command name.
--cols=cols, --columns=cols
Set the output width (the number of columns to display).
-d Select all processes except session leaders.
-e, -A
Select all processes.
e Include environment information after the command.

-g list, -G list, --group=groups, --Group=groups
For -g, select by session leader if list contains numbers, or by group if it contains group names. For -G, select by the group IDs in list. --group selects by effective group and --Group selects by real group, where groups can be either group names or group IDs.

-H Display “forest” family tree format, but without ASCII art.
H Display threads as if they were processes.
--headers
Repeat headers on every output page.
--help
Display help information and exit.
--info
Print debugging information.

[-]u [users], U users, --user=users
As u with no argument, display user-oriented output. As -u, U, or --user, display by effective user ID (and also support names), showing results for users. With no argument, -u displays results for the current user.
-U users, --User=users
Display processes for users by real user ID (and also support names).
v Display virtual memory format.

Format and sort specifiers
The following are the keywords for formatting and for sorting with --sort, followed by a desciption and the output column header in parentheses:
%cpu, pcpu
Percent of CPU time used recently. (%CPU)
%mem, pmem
Percent of memory used. (%MEM)
args, cmd, command
The command the process is running with all its arguments. (CMD for cmd; otherwise COMMAND)

comm, ucmd, ucomm
Name of the command executable. (CMD for ucmd; otherwise, COMMAND)
cp Per-mill CPUusage, where mill is 1000. Equivalent to %cpu with no decimal point. (CP)
cputime, time
Cumulative CPU time. (TIME)
egid, gid
Effective group ID number in decimal. (EGID or GID, respectively)
egroup, group
Effective group ID; as text value if it is available and if it fits, otherwise shown as decimal value. (EGROUP or GROUP, respectively)

etime
Elapsed time since the start of the process. (ELAPSED)
euid, uid
Effective user ID. (EUID or UID, respectively)
euser, uname, user
Effective username; as text value if it is available and if it fits, otherwise shown as decimal value. (EUSER for euser; otherwise, USER)
f, flag, flags
Process flags. Can be summed. (F) Possible values are 1 (the process forked but didn’t exec) and 4 (the process used superuser privileges).

stat
Status. Multiple status characters can appear. See also s to display a single character. (STAT)
+ Part of foreground process group.
< High priority (not “nice”).
D Asleep and not interruptible.
l Multithreaded.
L Pages locked into memory.
N Low priority (“nice”).
R Running or runnable.
s Session leader.
S Asleep.
T Stopped.
Z Zombie.

Examples: